Domestic Violence Against Women in Saudi Arabia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1894 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? Viewing women in relationships worldwide, approximately one in three women, or 35 percent, have encountered sexual and/or physical partner brutality (World Health Organization, et al., 2013). In the case of Saudi Arabia, domestic violence towards women has increased over the years. In a case study focusing on domestic violence, 758 Saudi women were questioned and resulted in 32 percent were physically abused and 68 percent were not abused (Prevalence and Risk Factors for Abuse amongst Saudi Females, KSA, et al., 2017). However, multiple factors are taken into account when recording this data, for example, both genders education, employment status, age, marital status, narcotic intake, and so on. Domestic violence against women stems from religious and cultural teachings and is further enhanced by socio-cultural, economic, and political factors. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Domestic Violence Against Women in Saudi Arabia" essay for you Create order The position of women that are in Saudi Arabia has changed immensely throughout the years. However, these women still suffer from numerous obstacles in various areas of their country. The Ministry of Education has gathered that 51.8 percent of Saudi women make up the population in universities. These women are opened to study a wide range of topics that include natural sciences, medicine, art, social sciences, and much more. The number of women graduates have increased and surpassed the male population. Saudi women also have been able to work at the universities as professors, assistants, and instructors (More Women than Men in Saudi Universities, Says Ministry, Al Arabiya English, 2015). The women in Saudi Arabia till this day need to have a wali or a male legal guardian (Six Things Women in Saudi Arabia Still Cant Do, The Week, 2018). If spotted in public alone, women are often abused or violated. However, according to Saudi officials, they do not condone said violence and will prosecute the abuser. In some circumstances, women are not allowed to travel, visit the doctors, sign contracts, get married or separated, and/or apply for a passport without the authorization of their male guardian (Saudi Arabia Uncovered, PBS, 2016). Women also need to be fully dressed in their black abaya. This is said to protect their modesty while being in public (Jamie Tarabay, CNN, 2017). Since June of 2018, Saudi women have been able to apply for their drivers license and drive without being punished. Saudi Arabias religion is Islamic. In this country, a person can be punished by death for not following Islamic traditions or trying to convert from this religion. Their government is a theocratic monarchy and uses the Holy Quran as their constitution (Kenneth Kimutai, World Atlas, 2018). Since most of Saudi Arabia adheres to the Quran, amongst the many chapters and verses said in this religious text, a few mentions how women should be treated. This results in the normality of violence against women caused by the male species. In September of 2011, women were permitted the privilege to vote in the general Saudi elections. It was a diminutive step for change, however, it was a start for a new era for Saudi womens rights (Saudi Arabia Uncovered, PBS, 2016). In the employment market, the number of women employers have increased over the past few years. Starting 2017, over 500,000 women in Saudi Arabia joined the market of labor (A Changing Future: The Economic Role of Women in Saudi Arabia, Abdul Latif Jameel, 2018). More than 30 percent of Saudi Arabias workforce is made up of Saudi women. The Ministry of Labor shows that the statistics of women employed in the retail field have increased and that Saudi Arabia will hire women to work in the department stores instead of men (Opening Doors: Gender Equality and Development in the Middle East and North Africa, The World Bank, 2013). Intimate violence within a relationship can originate from lack of education, drug abuse, and/or ones employment status. In Saudi Arabia, the power that is held by the male population is prominent, thus leading to violence against women being socially acceptable. Some of the restrictions on women have been attempted to put an end to. In regard to dissolving the domestic violence in Saudi Arabia, one case being the ban of women having to have male guardians to look after them and dictate their decision making (For Some Saudi Women Facing Strict Male Authority and Even Abuse, Theres Only One Answer: Run, Molly Hennessy-Fiske, 2017). The guardianship of a male figure ruling over women is the principal reason as to why Saudi women are abused daily. This ownership gives men an excuse to violate and abuse women at any time because of their religious beliefs and upbringings. The Committee to end violence against women are trying to promote womens rights in a social and economic way that is solely based on the empowerment of the women population. The system in Saudi Arabia that revolves around the dominance of male is the primary barrier Saudi women are facing that do not allow them to participate in the society as equals (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women examines Saudi Arabias report, United Nations Human Rights, 2018). However, over thousands of Saudi women have been fighting against having a male guardian by signing a petition that has been circulating online. These women were promoting this petition all over the well-known social media site called Twitter (Thousands of Saudis Sign Petition to End Male Guardianship of Women, Mazin Sidahmed, 2016). The Transnational Feminist Network (TFN) aims for the support of womens basic human rights. This includes ending all violence against women of all ages, classes, cultures, and ethnicities. Women Living Under Muslim Laws (WLUML) is part of this organization that emphasizes on the laws and implementation that is based on religion that negatively affect women and use a human rights framework and international agreements on the rights of women to make their case (Women Across Cultures, Shawn Meghan Burn, 2011). WLUML manages in over seventy countries and has its concentration fully on womens rights. In the United States of America, approximately each year, women in relationships undergo 4.8 million intimate partner related physical assaults and rapes (Women Across Cultures, Shawn Meghan Burn, 2011). Women in abusive relationships do not have any alternatives because society has forced them to be unequal to man which then gives men power that they cannot handle. Under the umbrella of domestic violence, 17.7 million, or one in six, women in America experienced almost or completely sexual assault (Women Across Cultures, Shawn Meghan Burn, 2011). In the United States military, nearly 30 percent of women soldiers are sexually abused. In 2015, roughly around 100,000 instances of intimate partner violence were reported to Floridas law enforcement (What is Domestic Violence, Florida Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2015). Focusing on college campuses in the United States, for every one thousand students, six will get assaulted sexually (The Truth About Domestic Violence on College Campuses, Anna Libertin, 2017). According to Anna Libertin, 21 percent of college students report having experienced dating violence by a current partner. This can be a result from highly stressed induced school work, peer pressure, alcohol or drugs being used, and so on. In the year 1994, the United States Congress authorized the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) which makes violence within a relationship is a civil crime and can help victims of domestic violence prosecute their abusers or have their abusers prosecuted. It is considered a federal crime if the abusive partner crosses over state lines to harass, stalk, or abuse their partner if this person is within the United States (Federal Domestic Violence Laws, United States Attorneys Office, 2017). To promote how gender inequalities and violence against women are still highly recognizable in the community, targeting the education system would be one way to publicize this subject and cause awareness. Different levels of schooling should inform students and instructors on what inequality really means and how can it be stopped. Globally, it would be somewhat difficult to reach everyone, however, in todays modern age, social media has had the power to connect with people from all over the country and not limiting to different countries who have access to social media. The start of a website can be one way to start making gender inequality and domestic violence known to the public. Providing various information on the definition of both these problems can help others understand what it means and if they are victims to this. Resources like domestic violence hotlines and campaigns fighting against gender inequalities can also be published to let the audience know that they can either reach out for help and/or be involved in the movement. Another form of social awareness is creating a page on a social media site like Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram. This will allow first hand communication with people who are able to view the most recent information you are providing. This is a great way to interact with one another and create conversations with others who have an opinion on this topic. Violence against women has been a well-known problem in the regions of Saudi Arabia. In this present day, most cities in Saudi Arabia are still segregated between the male and female gender. Due to ideologies stemming from cultural and/or religious backgrounds, domestic violence against women continues to be a prominent issue of contention. However, Saudi Arabis government and different organizations fighting against this issue are trying to attempt it to combat these issues. A Changing Future: the Economic Role of Women in Saudi Arabia, Abdul Latif Jameel? ®. ALJ, Abdul Latif Jameel, 31 Jan. 2018, www.alj.com/en/perspective/changing-future-economic-role-women-saudi-arabia/#_ftn13. Bank, The World. Opening Doors: Gender Equality and Development in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington DC, 2013. Burn, Shawn Meghan. Women across Cultures: a Global Perspective. McGraw-Hill Education, 2011. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Examines Saudi Arabias Report. OHCHR | Freedom of Religion: UN Expert Hails Albaniea, but Notes New Challenges and Unresolved Issues from the Past, OHCHR, 2018, www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22724LangID=E. Federal Domestic Violence Laws. The United States Department of Justice, 6 Dec. 2017, www.justice.gov/usao-wdtn/victim-witness-program/federal-domestic-violence-laws. Halawi Azhar Ahmed A., et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Abuse among Saudi Females, KSA. Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, vol. 68, no. 1, July 2017, pp. 1082â€Å"1087. EBSCOhost, doi:10.12816/0038213. Hennessy-Fiske, Molly. For Some Saudi Women Facing Strict Male Authority and Even Abuse, Theres Only One Answer: Run. Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Times, 30 July 2017, www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-saudi-runaways-2017-story.html. Kimutai, Kenneth. Religion in Saudi Arabia. World Atlas, Worldatlas, 29 Nov. 2016, www.worldatlas.com/articles/religious-beliefs-and-freedoms-in-saudi-arabia.html. Libertin, Anna. The Truth About Domestic Violence on College Campuses. HAWC, HAWC, 30 Nov. 2017, hawcdv.org/the-truth-about-domestic-violence-on-college-campuses/. More Women than Men in Saudi Universities, Says Ministry. Al Arabiya English, Saudi Gazette, 28 May 2015, english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2015/05/28/More-women-than-men-in-Saudi-universities-says-ministry.html. Saudi Arabia Uncovered. Films Media Group, PBS, 2016, fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=107350xtid=151239. Sidahmed, Mazin. Thousands of Saudis Sign Petition to End Male Guardianship of Women. The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 26 Sept. 2016, www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/26/saudi-arabia-protest-petition-end-guardianship-law-women. Six Things Women in Saudi Arabia Still Cant Do. The Week UK, The Week UK, 5 June 2018, www.theweek.co.uk/60339/things-women-cant-do-in-saudi-arabia. Tarabay, Jamie. Women in Saudi Arabia Still Cant Do These Things. CNN, Cable News Network, 6 Dec. 2017, www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/middleeast/saudi-women-still-cant-do-this/index.html. Violence against Women. World Health Organization, World Health Organization, 29 Nov. 2017, www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women. What Is Domestic Violence? OHCHR | Freedom of Religion: UN Expert Hails Albania but Notes New Challenges and Unresolved Issues from the Past, 2016, www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22724LangID=E.

Reducing the Risk of Whistleblowers - 732 Words

Reducing the Risk of Whistleblowers There are varied motivations that drive whistleblowers to take action. As Schrieber (2006, 42) explains, whistleblowers manifest in myriad ways, from disgruntled employees or customers to high-level executives trying to do what they see as the right thing. Thus, their motivations are just as likely to be altruistic as they are self-serving. Regardless, whistleblowing reflects poorly on the company and can severely damage the companys well-being, as the cases of Enron and Freddie Mac testify. There are, however, a number of measures that corporations can take to protect themselves. First, a company should anticipate that whistleblowing will occur; jaded employees invariably exist, and while a company should do their best to promote worker satisfaction, whistleblowing may still occur. Accordingly, the company should construct complaint procedures, internal investigation procedures, and a training program for managers and high-end officials, as this w ill allow them to quickly and efficiently deal with whistleblowing before it reaches a court of law. It is also necessary to keep track of employees behavior, in order to identify the possibility of whistleblowing occurring before the event takes place. In order to protect whistleblowers, it is necessary to disclose as little as possible and avoid retaliation, which is illegal. A recent whistleblowing case resulting in $46.5 million dollars in settlement paid to a group of whistleblowersShow MoreRelatedWhistleblowing And Its Impact On Organizations1211 Words   |  5 Pagesincrease awareness in organizations. Whistleblowers identify weaknesses, neglect, and abuses within the organization and then raise an alarm to inform the public that their very interests in the organization are at stake. 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Introduction to Oil and Gas Environment

Question: Write an essay onIntroduction to Oil and Gas Environment. Answer: Introduction The thesis statement focus on Gazporms management structure, the companys contributing to the local community.The Gazprom is one of the leading and renowned companies in oil and the gas across the globe. The company owns huge reserves, which gives them the status of being leader in the sector and having huge production of the natural gas which is nearly around 15%. In Russia, Gazprom is the largest in terms of gas production as they are providing 70% of the total supply and nearly 10 percent of the oil supply is taken over by them. They are not limited only with the production; even this group owns the largest gas shipping network across the globe. It covers the transportation covering the stretch of more than 161 thousand kilometers, catering to Russian and European market on a wider scale. Gazproms owns nearly half of the Russians gas processing business and nearly 15.5% of oil refining. This makes Gazprom as the dominant supplier due to the reason they cater maximum of the Russian customers of the gas market. Their operations are being spread with a network of nearly 1600 stations of fuel altogether in Russia, FSU and on Balkans. They are involved in generation of electricity as well by providing 17% electricity generation in Russia. The resources of natural gas available with Gazprom are among the worlds best resources. Since 1992, Gazproms has been approved by the Russian Federation Presidents Decree for the following commitments: Gazproms for providing good and decent gas supply to Russian Federation (Gazprom Team, 2015). Export of the gas within the state has as per the intergovernmental agreements. Build and finance the gas branches of high pressure for supply to rural areas. Helping other producers as well. Management The Gazprom management system works in alliance with the Russian Law. It works under the code of corporate Governance which are supported by the Russian Federal Securities Commission Panel of Directors Next is the level, the panel including all the directors of the company. They are meant for all the strategic management of the company, responsible to keep a check on the value of the company's share. They are completely managing all the executive bodies of the company by keeping a regular check on them and keenly observing their performance (The Gazprom Group, 2011). Board Management This comprises the top level of the company's executives, who are actually responsible for the operating business. The CEO chief executive officer of the company mainly functions in this category. He is the person, who is the Chairperson of the management board, who holds the complete authority. Audit Authority This administrative body is elected by the General Shareholders meet. The Audit commission has to continuously monitor complete business activities by keeping an eye on company's financial matters. The Audit commission has to regularly conduct the Audit in order to analyze the financial position of the company. Audit commission observes the internal matter very minutely and they check for any risk which may possibly occur because of any recent decision taken by the management. Audit commission are required to check for all legal matters of the company either in alliance with other companies, with Govt. or in other transactions, which are taking place within the company (RusEnergy agency, 2013). External Auditor The role of the external Auditor is to mainly audit companies, assess the financial decisions annually and to develop reporting in line and compliance with the Russian Accounting Standards (RSBU) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The audit committee has to be approved by the General Shareholders meet, which is initiated by the panel of the board members (Gazprom Neft, 2016). The structure, responsibilities, organization committee, Gazprom Nefts management and regulatory bodies are being determined bythe Companys Corporate Charter and internal documents ofthe Company. Roles and responsibilities of the divisions of the company The Gazproms group of company holds a unified strategy which is focused on having strong and established leaders having a top position in the company and who are experienced enough to take the decision for the welfare of the company. The company has played in the global market and regular focuses on increasing their base across the globe in the oil market (Victor, 2008). In order to hold the same position in the global market, the company has taken various steps: - Upstream: Exploration The company Gazprom possesses unique mineral resources accumulated predominantly in Russia; the Groups share of natural gas accounts for around 17 % of global reserves and 72 % of Russian reserves. As of December 31, 2010, the Groups hydrocarbon reserves abroad were less than 1 % of the Groups reserves in Russia (categories A+B+C1 ). The department facilitates the required pre-project and project work to establish gas chemical and gas refining services in Eastern Siberia and Far East regions post liasioning with foreign partners. The upstream understand Creating, developing and then introducing new technology iscritical for attaining regular success ofevery business. That iswhy modernization innovation ispart ofthe fabric ofGazprom Neft. The exploration division focus on specialists primarily focuses and responsible for enhancing the efficiency ofoil production from depleted reservoirs inconventional areas, exploring new regions inYamal and Eastern Siberia along with Offshore exploration or development including inthe Arctic Region; With to enhance efficiency of exploration and to facilitate precise forecasting of the reservoir development. The Gazprom Exploration Team considers the following methods of demonstrating within the fields areas with the intricate permafrost circumstances which would possibly lead to issues related to construction and development; modernization expertise in forecasting development related to oil-and-gas bearing collector base on field modelling, which are Implementing international projects of exploration; Creating eccentric hydrocarbon reserves; Diminishing the impact onthe environment and enhancing energy efficiency. Downstream: Development and production The division is responsible to systematize supplementary geographical exploration, employment at Kirinsky, Vostochno-Odoptinsky, and Ayashsky block on the shelf of Sakhalin and Zapadno Kamchatsky shelf along with the subsoil Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk region In order to enhance the efficiency of fields expansion inclusive of new gas production regions, the Group development comprises a technology of low temperature severance and refinement of hydrocarbons in gas condensate areas; a multi-site surveillance well design for concurrent monitoring of overstrain pressure in numerous development targets of multilayer oil-gas condensate fields; a expertise to create thin oil fringes under gas cap by the use of bilateral and multi-functional digs and initiation of the vertical oil displacement by the operational fluid and mainly responsible for exploring different models for gas production and field operation as a amalgamated thermal-and-hydraulic system along with piping and fittings specifically for the field underwater and land pipelines Bythe year 2025, more than50% ofthe Companys oil would beproduced by the use of new technology and method. Based onyear 2014 results, the % ofwells which have been drilled through the modern technology method was 40%. This ratio has beenrecorded for the Russian oil and gas sector. Inthe year 2014-2015, Gazprom Neft has been able to develop the code for enduring technical evolution inproduction and development. Gazprom Neft production Development specialists have identified 10core areas in the field of technological development, which would possibly create animpact onall the areas oil production process, from ecological exploration towardsdevelopment management. Anindulgence ofthe organizations new prospects and their growth potential iscritical for the potential growth. The operations associated with the development of the Groups oil reserves are consolidating within Gazprom Neft and are mostly accepted in the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi sovereign along with regions of Tomsk, Omsk, and Irkutsk regions Companys contribution to society Gazprom isaglobal energy companywhich focus onthe worldwide production, transportation and exploration inclusive of processing, sales of gas, condensate and oil. Gazprom views its operation to ensure aconsistent, well-organized and unbiased supply of thenatural gas, other energy resources and their imitative tothe consumers. The Russian government has made an agreement with the Gazprom for providing the gas to the Russian residents who are economically weak and doesnt get the gas meter installed at a reasonable price.The Gazprom follows the ethical way of working. The company works in full cooperation for the well being of the society. With all this, the company has the policy not to disturb the cultural tradition. Gazprom on whole believes in order to have effective functioning; a company should have a productive and strong cooperation with the local governing body and the local people in order to have smooth operations. This helps in developing strong alliances with the community w hich in turn will certainly lead to have favorable conditions in the healthy social environment and attaining companys success. The company manages to have one to one conversation with the local people, regarding the environmental safety issues and the company even discusses and explores various solutions regarding regional growth and development. The Gazprom is involved through social development in: Azprom for Children Supporting Cultural Projects Supporting Sports Trade Union Energy of Victories Gazprom intends to fulfill the commitment of keeping sustainable development as an essential component for retaining the competitive advantage and attaining leadership in the worlds energy market .On the grounds of Social development, the company has always kept Sustainable development and social responsibility as major key under their Nefts business strategy. Gazprom Neft comprehends and tried topreserve and balance the natural environment. The companys Neft branch is dedicatedly and constantly working torecover and progress in the area ofindustrial safety, environmental protection and health and safety standards. Inyear 2014, they have invested around RUB 3.8 billion inthe area of environmental protection. The company is also committed toensure the secure and protected creation oftheir products and subsequently, safeguarding the health and welfare of their workforce through implementation of Health safety policies in the organization as per Industrial modern era practices and in-line with the Industries regulations. Gazprom Neft endeavors for minimizing the pessimistic ecological impact ofoil production and refinement while making sure that their products fulfills the current high ecological standards. Biodiversity and ecosystems Energy saving Environmentally friendly fuel Efficient use ofAPG Reports Ratings Environmental Policy Energy saving concepts and programs Kyoto Protocol International activities Gazprom established that ithas been able toattain the high-quality results still with the low hydrocarbon prices. The Company has administered tomaintain thefast rapidity inimplementing the effective production programs. The company has increased our reserve base and boosts upthe production capacities and increased their gas exports and oil production volumes across Europe. The company has inveterate the financial sustainability oftheir trade business and has been able to maintain thework onlargescale projects. Conclusion The Gazprom has progressed at a constant rate; it has continuously achieved all the strategic goals. The worlds largest oil resources base and has well developed framework with the Gazprom. Because of this, the company has expanded well versed not only in complete Russia, but diversified their base in Europe and various Asian countries as well. With this, the company successfully fetched handful revenue by exporting its oil and other products. Major revenue of Gazprom is being generated by exporting gas to Europe, thus they have barged their major profit by selling them at nearly five times more than the price which is for the Russian people. Gazprom has their major focused on the way of doing business by giving importance to export of all the oil products. As Gazprom charge exorbitant from the customers, who are outside of Russia. Thus they are expanding the businesses to Europe and other countries at exorbitant prices (Smith, 2010). On the other hand, Gazprom is forced to supply a maximum of its product within the Russia because of its political leverage. Bibliography Gazprom Energoholding, 2013. 20122013 Sustainability Report by Generating Companies of Gazprom Energoholding, [Accessed 08 July 2016] Gazprom Neft, 2016. Board of directors, Available at: https://ir.gazprom-neft.com/corporate-governance/board-of-directors/ [Accessed 08 July 2016] Gazprom Team, 2015. Gazprom Joint Stock Company. [Online] Available at: https://www.gazpromquestions.ru/en/about/ [Accessed 08 July 2016] Miller, A., 2014. 2014 Sustainability report: Gazprom NEFT, Available at: https://www.gazprom-neft.com/annual-reports/2014/GPN_SR_2014_eng.pdf [Accessed 08 July 2016]Rouse, L., 2013. International Oil Company Risk in the Russian Arctic: Greenpeace, Available at: https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/sites/files/gpuk/RussianRoulette_August2013.pdf [Accessed 08 July 2016] RusEnergy agency, 2013. Gazprom Management: Structure and Personalities. Gazprom Management: Structure and Personalities.[Accessed 08 July 2016] Smith, K. C., 2010. Managing the Challenge of Russian Energy Policies: CSIS [Accessed 08 July 2016]The Gazprom Grup, 2011. Management Report OAO Gazprom, Available at: https://www.gazprom.com/f/posts/05/636836/gazprom-ifrs-management-report-en.pdf[Accessed 08 July 2016]Victor, N., 2008. Gazprom: Gas Giant Under Strain, Available at: https://pesd.fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/WP71,_Nadja_Victor,_Gazprom,_13Jan08.pdf [Accessed 08 July 2016]

Two Wheeler Customer’s Purchasing Pattern Essay Sample free essay sample

The research on A STUDY ON TWO WHEELER CUSTOMER’S PURCHASING PATTERN IN RELIANCE HERO MOTOR PRIVATE LIMITED has been given to me as portion of the course of study in Two-Years Masters Degree in Business Administration. I have tried my best to show this information every bit clearly as possible utilizing basic footings that I hope will be comprehended by the widest spectrum of research workers. analysts and pupils for farther surveies. I have completed this survey under the able counsel and supervising of Mr. DR. MUTHU ; I will be failed in my responsibility if I do non admit the honored scholarly counsel. aid and cognition. I have received from them towards fruitful and timely completion of this work. Mere recognition may non deliver the debt I owe to my parents for their direct/indirect support during the full class of this undertaking. â€Å"GUIDANCE IS THE BEST IN THE WAY PROGRESS† . We will write a custom essay sample on Two Wheeler Customer’s Purchasing Pattern Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I besides thankful to my friend who helped me a batch in the completion of this undertaking.Abstraction The selling construct is consumer oriented and the accent is more on the consumer instead than on the merchandise. The kernel of modern selling prevarications in edifice of net income along with making meaningful value satisfaction for the costumiers. whose demands and desires have to be coordinated with the set of merchandises and production plans. Therefore. selling success an endeavor depends as its ability to make a community of satisfied consumers. All the concern activities should be carried out in ways which are directed towards the satisfaction of the consumer demands. Consumer Behaviour is affected by a host of variables runing from personal. professional demands. attitudes and values. personality features. societal economic and cultural background. age. gender. professional position to societal influences of assorted sorts exerted a household. friends. co-workers. and society as a whole. The combination of these factors help the consumer in determination doing farther Psychological factors that as single consumer demands. motives. perceptual experiences attitudes. the learning procedure personality features are the similarities. which operate across the different types of people and act upon their Behavior. There are four major factors which influences on the purchasing Behaviour of consumer. 1. Cultural factors2. Social factors3. Personal factors4. Psychological factorsSo a survey had been conducted on TWO WHEELER CUSTOMER’S PURCHASING PATTERN in the twin metropoliss i. e. Chennai metropolis with a sample of 100 consumers by choosing two Wheeler motor motorcycles i. e. Hero Honda motorcycles and informations had been collected through structured questionnaire. Marketing starts with the consumers and ends with the consumer. Satisfaction of the consumers becomes the most of import end of a concern endeavor. The attempt to guarantee consumer satisfaction lies in understanding the consumer. his likes disfavors. his outlooks and motive. An analysis of the consumer’s Behavior in footings of consumer ingestion forms. consumer penchants. consumer motive. consumer purchasing procedure and shopping Behavior is really much helpful to explicate a firm’s selling scheme. All the concern activities should be carried out in ways which are directed towards the satisfaction of the consumer demands. A consumer determination to buy a peculiar trade name of motor rhythm consumers result to complex interplay of a consumer variables the starting point for the company provides the determination procedure selling stimulation in form of trade name. publicity. monetary value and distribution scheme. The possible consumer along with other stimulations already exciting receives the selling stimulation in the environment. List OF TABLES ?What motivates you to purchase the hero motorcyclesHow you purchase bicycleWhom do you mention to buying motorcycleHow make you rate the quality of Hero BikeWhich company motorcycles client would wish to buyDo you get full value of money for the motorcycle you purchased? ?Why do you buy a motorcycleWhat is your shopping penchant for Hero motorcycle purchase? ?Who is determination shaper for buying in your householdWhich one you will preferred to purchase ( Brake ) How make you rate our serviceKindly give your traderAre you satisfied with the public presentation of their HONDA motorcycle? ?What are the factor impacting your purchase determinationHow are the piece of our motorcycle and service? List OF CHARTS ?What motivates you to purchase the hero motorcyclesHow you purchase bicycleWhom do you mention to buying motorcycleHow make you rate the quality of Hero BikeWhich company motorcycles client would wish to buyDo you get full value of money for the motorcycle you purchased? ?Why do you buy a motorcycleWhat is your shopping penchant for Hero motorcycle purchase? ?Who is determination shaper for buying in your householdWhich one you will preferred to purchase ( Brake ) How make you rate our serviceKindly give your traderAre you satisfied with the public presentation of their HONDA motorcycle? ?What are the factor impacting your purchase determinationHow are the pice of our motorcycle and service Introduction Consumer behavior refers to the mental and emotional procedure and the discernible behavior of consumers during seeking. buying and station ingestion of a merchandise or service. Consumer behavior involves survey of how people buy. what they buy. when they buy and why they buy. It blends the elements from psychological science. sociology. sociopsychology. anthropology and economic sciences. It besides tries to measure the influence on the consumer from groups such as household. friends. mention groups and society in general. Buyer behavior has two facets: the concluding purchase activity seeable to any perceiver and the elaborate or short determination procedure that may affect the interplay of a figure of complex variables non seeable to anyone. Major FACTORS INFLUENCING BUYING BEHAVIOUR: Consumer behavior is affected by a host of variables runing from personal. professional demands. attitudes and values. personality features. societal economic and cultural background. age. gender. professional position to societal influences of assorted sorts exerted a household. friends. co-workers. and society as a whole. The combination of these factors help the consumer in determination doing farther Psychological factors that as single consumer demands. motives. perceptual experiences attitudes. the learning procedure personality features are the similarities. which operate across the different types of people and act upon their behavior There are four major factors which influences on the purchasing Behaviour of consumer. 1. Cultural factors2. Social factors3. Personal factors4. Psychological factors 1. Cultural factors: Consumer behaviour cultural can be defined as the some sum of erudite Belief. values and imposts that serve to steer and direct the consumer behavior of all members of that society. Cultural is a learned through the undermentioned three ways: 1. Formal acquisition2. Informal acquisition3. Technical acquisition.Cultural is a most cardinal determiner person’s wants and Behaviour. the turning kid acquires a set of values. perceptual experiences. penchants and Behaviour. through his household and cardinal establishments. 2. Social factors:Consumer Behaviour is besides influenced by such societal factors as mention groups. household and societal functions and position. 3. Personal Factor: Buyer’s determinations are besides influenced by personal features. the buyers’ age. life rhythm phases. business. economic Circumstances. life style and personality and self-concept. 4. Psychological Factor: ‘Abraham Mallows’ demands can be ranked in order of importance from the low biological demands to the higher degrees of psychological demands. MASLOW’S hierarchy of human demands make us understand consumer motive. It is utile for the seller who can place what generic degree need this trade name is capable fulfilling and consequently place his trade name up with relevant selling inputs. Trade names such as nutrient and apparels are bought to carry through psychological demands Industry Profile: Historical Industry Development India is the 2nd largest maker and manufacturer of two-wheelers in the universe. It stands following merely to Japan and China in footings of the figure of two-wheelers produced and the domestic gross revenues severally. This differentiation was achieved due to assortment of grounds like restrictive policy followed by the Government of India towards the rider auto industry. lifting demand for personal conveyance. inefficiency in the public transit system etc. The Indian two-wheeler industry made a little beginning in the early 50s when Automobile Products of India ( API ) started fabricating scooters in the state. Until 1958. API and Enfield were the exclusive manufacturers. In 1948. Bajaj Auto began merchandising in imported Vespa scooters and three-wheelers. Finally. in 1960. it set up a store to fabricate them in proficient coaction with Piaggio of Italy. The understanding expired in 1971. In the initial phases. the scooter section was dominated by API ; it was subsequently overtaken by Bajaj Auto. Although assorted authorities and private endeavors entered the disturbance for scooters. the lone new participant that has lasted boulder clay today is LML. Under the regulated government. foreign companies were non allowed to run in India. It was a complete marketer market with the waiting period for acquiring a scooter from Bajaj Auto being every bit high as 12 old ages. The bikes section was no different. with merely three makers viz Enfield. Ideal Jawa and Escorts. While Enfield slug was a four-stroke motorcycle. Jawa and the Rajdoot were two-stroke motorcycles. The bike section was ab initio dominated by Enfield 350cc motorcycles and Bodyguards 175cc motorcycle. The two-wheeled market was opened to foreign competition in the mid-80s. And the so market leaders – Bodyguards and Enfield – were caught incognizant by the onslaught of the 100cc motorcycles of the four Indo-Japanese joint ventures. With the handiness of fuel efficient low power motorcycles. demand swelled. ensuing in Hero Honda – so the lone manufacturer of four shot motorcycles ( 100cc class ) . deriving a top slot. The first Nipponese bikes were introduced in the early 1880ss. TVS Suzuki and Hero Honda brought in the first two-stroke and four-stroke engine bikes severally. These two participants ab initio started with assembly of CKD kits. and subsequently on progressed to autochthonal fabrication. In the 90s the major growing for bike section was brought in by Nipponese bikes. which grew at a rate of about 25 % CAGR in the last five old ages. The industry had a smooth drive in the fifties. 60s and 70s when the Government prohibited new entries and purely controlled capacity enlargement. The industry saw a sudden growing in the 80s. The industry witnessed a steady growing of 14 % taking to a peak volume of 1. 9mn vehicles in 1990. The entry of Kinetic Honda in eightiess with a vireo metric scooter helped in supplying easiness of usage to the scooter proprietors. This helped in bring oning childs and working adult females. towards purchasing scooters. who were before. inclined towards moped purchases. In the 90s. this tendency was reversed with the debut of scooterettes. In line with this. the scooter section has systematically lost its portion of the market portion in the two Wheeler market. The Legend of Hero Honda: What started out as a Joint Venture between Hero Group. the world’s largest bike makers and the Honda Motor Company of Japan. has today become the World’s individual largest two Wheeler Company. Coming into being on January 19. 1984. Hero Honda Motors Limited gave India nil less than a revolution on two-wheels made even more celebrated by the ‘fill it – shut it – bury it’ run. Driven by the trust of over 5 million clients. the HERO merchandise scope today commands a market portion of 48 % doing it a elephantine in the industry. Add to that technological excellence. an expansive trader web. and dependable after gross revenues service. and you have one of the most customer-friendly companies. This is proved by the company’s gross revenues over the old ages: 1985 to 1986 43. 000 units1989 to 1990 96. 200 units1998 to 1999 5. 30. 600 units1999 to 2000 7. 61. 210 units2000 to 2001 10. 29. 555 units2001 to 2002 14. 25. 195 units2002 to 2003 16. 77. 537 units2003 to 2004 1. 9 million units2004 to 2005 2. 3 million units2005 to 2006 2. 5 million units2006 to 2007 2. 8 million units2007 to 2008 3. 1 million units2008 to 2009 3. 4 million units2009 to 2010 3. 6 million units2010 to 2011 3. 9 million units Key Policies of Hero motors Environment Policy: ?Integrate environmental properties and cleaner production in all concern procedures and patterns with specific consideration to permutation of risky chemicals. where feasible and beef up the rejuvenation of supply concatenation. ?Continue merchandise inventions to better environmental compatibility. ?Comply with all applicable environmental statute law and besides commanding our Environmental discharges through the rules of â€Å"alara† ( every bit low as moderately Achievable ) . ?Institutionalize resource preservation. in peculiar. in the countries of oil. H2O. electrical energy. pigments and chemicals Quality Policy: ?Innovation in merchandises procedures and services.?Continuous betterment in entire quality direction systems. ?Teamwork and duty Safety Policy: ?Integrating safety and wellness affairs in all activities. ?Ensuring conformity with all applicable legislative demands. ?Empowering employees to guarantee safety in their several work topographic points. ?Promoting safety and wellness consciousness amongst employees. providers and contractors. ?Continuous betterments in safety public presentation through safeguards besides engagement and preparation of employees. Merchandises: ?Pleasure – Scooter with 102 two hundred air-cooled four-stroke engine. ?Karizma – Motorbike with 223 two hundred four-stroke air-cooled engine. ?Super Splendor – Motorcycle with 125 milliliters four-stroke air cooled engine ?Splendor + – Motorbike with 97 milliliters four stroke air cooled engine. ?Glamour – Motorbike with 125 milliliters ( 9 bhp ) â€Å"quantum core† engine ?Passion + – Motorbike with 97 milliliters four stroke air-cooled engine. ?CD Deluxe – Motorbike with 97 milliliters four-stroke air cooled engine. ?CD 100 SS – Motorbike with 97 two hundred four-stroke air-cooled engine. ?CD Dawn – Motorcycle with 97 two hundred four-stroke air-cooled engine. ?Achiever – Motorcycle with 149 two hundred four-stroke air-cooled engine. ?CBZ Xtreme – Motorcycle with 150 two hundred four-stroke air-cooled engine. DEALER PROFILE RELIANCE HERO MOTOR COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED. RELIANCE MOTOR COMPANY was established in 1941. RELIANCE MOTOR COMPANY were the authorised traders of HERO MOTORS BOARD OF DIRECTORS:The first manager of the company are: ?M. Ct. M. CHIDAMBARAM CHETTIAR?S. T. Rm. CHIDAMBARAM CHETTIAR Aim: ? To transport on the concern of traders in importers. exporters. assembly programs. factors. builders. ?To draw brand accept. endorse. issue and negociate other instrument of every description ?To issue unsecured bond stock ?To trade in technology. electrical and all sorts of machinery and machine tools and domestic machinery and contraptions ?To get the whole or portion of the belongings or concern of any individual house or company possessed of belongings suited. ?Generally to buy taken on rental for the intent of exchange or otherwise and to take or give in exchange ?To distribute among the members in coinage or otherwise any belongings of the company Our Differentiation: One of the largest authorised traders for HERO MOTORS. Record gross revenues in the first twelvemonth of operation. Spouses in Advancement: We are the preferable spouses of HERO MOTORS automotives. chiefly due to our successful gross revenues record and quality. Our installations have remained unexcelled. as we strive mundane to break our ego. Commanding Presence: RELIANCE MOTOR COMPANY as a centralised air conditioned salesroom of HERO MOTOR automotives its sort in CHENNAI. spread gracefully and decorated elegantly over an impressive 9600 sq. foot at CHENNAI. Being equipped with amiable front office staff and expert professional technicians. Supply a perfect of quality Service and Reliability. Space Friendly: The insides are aimed at doing you experience wholly at easiness. In luxury. Because for us the client is king. one who deserves a imperial offering. The scene is disposed for times when you need to exchange into a relaxed province of head. Technology To Stay Ahead: We are equipped with the latest technological promotion in the industry. in order to give the best of services when it matters. Not merely to be portion of. But to construct the hereafter. is our slogan. Service With Commitment: Our dedicated squad of mechanical fortes offers adept intervention for your vehicle. We guarantee consistence in public presentation each clip. without fail. Attention To Detailss: We provide genius trim parts and accoutrements to guarantee exceeding public presentation. Every individual facet related to your vehicle is taken attention of at our premises. Covering Made Convenient:It is a portion of our committedness policy to give advantage to the client at every occasion. We offer aid of every sort at our premises itself. which makes it a one halt installation. Adept Guidance At Every Measure: Our gross revenues squad give uttermost precedence to your satisfaction. When you need assist to do the right pick. it is ensured that the consequence is beyond your outlooks. Therefore doing it a point that you get the best in both luxury and comfort ever. Promotional Activities: The promotional activities adopted by RELIANCE MOTOR COMPANY are 1. Test Driving2. Free Driving3. Hoarding4. Discounts5. Ad in Newspaper and magazines6. Gift Schemes7. Free Servicess8. Mileage Contentss Service Offered: ?Free medical examinations runs?Finance through bank?Demonstration for new merchandises?Acceptance of guarantee claims Working Time In RELIANCE MOTOR COMPANY: Working hours in trust motor private limited are 12 hours per twenty-four hours get downing from 9:30 am to 9:30pm with one hr interruption for tiffin and 15 proceedingss for flushing tea and java. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Primary aim †¢To survey on buying behavior form in two Wheeler motors Secondary Aim†¢To study the Behavioral factors of consumers in motor motorcycles. †¢ To analyse the impact of Behavioral factors of consumers on taking peculiar trade name of motor motorcycle. †¢To suggest assorted factors to better gross revenues. †¢To study the consumers’ sentiment of their motor motorcycles sing its Features like visual aspect. milage. monetary value etc. . †¢To know the consumer penchants and picks. †¢To know the potency of the market and spread out into new markets and concern Need FOR THE STUDY Respondent’s Profile ?Number of members in household?Monthly Household Income General Information ?Various consumer owned by respondent.?No. of MOTOR motorcycles owned ( Nominal Scale A ; multi-choice ) ?From where they acquire information about motor motorcycles ( multioptional ) ?How much respondents are satisfied by merchandise ( multioptional ) Scope OF THE STUDYThis Report will assist to understand the consumer Behaviour towards buying a new Two wheeler’s. It besides opens the assorted factor which can impact the Purchase determination. This Report provides a frame of head of people. what are the exclusions of consumer and up to how much degree these outlook met. This Report will be helpful for Retailers and Companies so that they can understand the consumer Behaviour and can fulfill the consumer on more better mode. To cognize whether they recommend to other or non LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: ?Taking the market conditions into consideration the study. which includes a sample of 100. was a several one. ?Due to the restriction of span of clip and limited resources study was conducted for a period of 4 hebdomads. ?The geographic part covered for the study was limited to the boundaries of the Chennai metropolis. ?Since the study was conducted at the residential vicinities and the individual who owns hero Vehicle. ?Improper response from clients and purchasers. but it was minimum REVIEW LITERATURE: As I would happen any Project Report on the subject TWO WHEELER CUSTOMER’S PURCHASING PATTERN. So. I consult Indian Journal of Marketing of last twelvemonth for latest information. Subjects of assorted writer are as follows: ?â€Å"Consumer Behaviour A ; Marketing† by Swasti Soni ?â€Å"Brand penchant of Talcum Powder† by Dr. G. S. Ganesan ?â€Å"Buyer Behaviour of Home Appliances† byDr. G. SudarsanaReddy A ; Mr. Rajarashmi ?â€Å"Knowing the Customer† by Dr. Deepak Raj Gupta. ?â€Å"CONSUMERS BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS TWO-WHEELER MOTOR BIKES† may 2010 ?â€Å"CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS SHAMPOO MARKET† JUNE 2011 ?â€Å"CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR A ; CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS MAHINDRA XYLO† DEC 2009 ?â€Å"CONSUMER PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR AND BRAND PROMOTION† MAY 2008 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: RESEARCH METHOD Two wide research methodological analysiss can be used to reply any research inquiry. They are – Experimental research or Non experimental research. In experimental research there is control over the immaterial variable and use of at least one variable research worker. In Non experimental research. there is no intercession beyond that needed for the intent of measuring. The survey uses Non experimental research method. RESEARCH DESIGN: A research design is a statement or specification of the methods and processs used for geting the information needed for the solution of some specific jobs. It provides a scientific frame work for carry oning a research. Although research design may be classified by many standards. the most utile one concerns the major intent of the probe. On the footing. research design can be classified into three categories – Exploratory. Descriptive and Casual. If no formal design or structural questionnaires are used. explorative design is used. If a individual is familiar with the job environment. or is carry oning the research for some specific purpose utilizing structural questionnaire to garner information. the research design is descriptive. Casual research design is used to set up cause and consequence relationship. For descriptive surveies and besides insouciant surveies. informations analysis and undertaking end product are critical facets of research planning. This survey uses de scriptive design.

Philosophy of John Locke

Philosophy of John Locke Introduction Philosophy has often been found as the only subject that provides humanity with almost all the questions regarding life. Thousands of philosophical conjectures and theories have been postulated in a bid to shed some light on some of the complicated aspects of human life. Philosophers are among the most respected and celebrated members of the society. This is because their various discoveries have gone a long way to change the perception of humankind about life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of John Locke specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this field has one major disadvantage. The disadvantage is that the inventions made by philosophers are solely based on their own life experiences and most of them cannot be empirically proved. Most people have been coerced to believe in mere theoretical concepts that lack any tangible evidence to lend credence to their assertions. This essay will di scuss the efficiency with which John Locke presents his philosophies as opposed to Karl Marx and Machiavelli who divulge loopholes in their concepts. Daily Life Experiences First and foremost, John Locke efficiently presents his ideas and concepts because they are derived from immediate environment of the people. John Locke not only uses his own experience but those of the entire populace as well to assert his concepts. It is therefore easier for people to comprehend the essence of the concepts because they can relate them to their own lives. For instance, in his attempt to define the concept of ‘The Self’, John Locke presents his case in a manner that can be approved by anyone who understands its weight. He posits that the human mind is predominantly empty. He further states that the mind is influenced by factors such as reflection, experiences and sensations. It therefore becomes easy for anybody who goes through the above three named situations to concur with Locke. This is attributed to the reality nature of his statement. On the contrary, a good number of other philosophers present ideas that are farfetched and without any relevance to the society. Such notions are difficult to be understood by the people because they cannot visualize the subject of the matter. The lack of an image of the subject in the minds of the people means that it will probably take them ages to fully fathom the meaning of the concept. A good example of such a philosopher is Machiavelli. The fact that there is a lack of coherence among the concepts of Machiavelli suggests that each concept was formulated by impulse and without much consideration on its relevance in the society. Machiavelli generally formulated concepts in a range of fields, ranging from political science to religion. This lack of specialization could also be an indicator that his concepts were not inspired by the state of life in the society. Karl Marx is also among those philosophers who came up with f arfetched theories that could not be applied to the society. A good example is the Marxism theory. His description of a totally flawless society under socialism is farfetched and unrealistic. According to him, the society under socialism would be one where there is a sufficiency of everything without ever having to struggle for anything.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The possibility that this state of utopia can ever be attained in any society is a zero sum game. This is because all members of a society can never be equal. There are vast discrepancies in terms of talent endowment and inheritance and these would still cause the difference among the people. Ambiguity John Locke also presents his ideas efficiently because they are devoid of ambiguity. The facts presented in his concepts are unequivocal and state clearly the matter at hand. This feature contributes to the eas y comprehension of his concepts by a majority of the people who come across them. The fact that they are clearly defined enhances the step by step understanding of the people. An example of such a theory is his concept on the limits of accumulation. He clearly states that although labor creates property, the accumulation of property is contingent on the capacity of man to produce and consume. Such a simple statement leaves no room for a misunderstanding or misconception. There are however other philosophers whose concepts are not clear hence leaving room for numerous interpretation. The lack of clarity of their ideas hampers their effectiveness to cause a desirable change in the society. For instance, in his view about religion, Niccolo Machiavelli reiterates that religion is manmade. However, he does not go ahead to explain why he takes this stance about religion. Such a statement is bound to leave more questions than answers, especially because religion is a highly sensitive matte r in society. It is also at the center of most values in society. This is because it is attributed to a supreme being. This statement by Machiavelli is therefore very ambiguous. Karl Marx also makes ambiguous statements when presenting facts in some of his concepts. For example, when he posits that the overtaking of the capitalist society by the socialist society is inevitable, he leaves the audience in suspense by failing to mention whether the two can concurrently exist or whether the latter will completely phase out the former. Marx does not talk of a transitional period between the two distinct types of societies. It is unlikely that total change can be abrupt. It is also unlikely that all the members of a capitalist society can change into a socialist society at one go and as one entity. This ambiguity hampers the easy comprehension of the audience.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of John Locke specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different Points Of View Furthermore, John Locke manages to efficiently present his concepts because he does so from different points of view. He does not merely base his concepts on one vantage point to declare his theories but rather approaches them from the views of different personalities. For example, in his theories regarding religious tolerance, he approaches the subject from three perspectives. First and foremost, he acknowledges the fact that the concept of gauging different religious claims is far beyond the ability of humankind. In his second point, Locke considers the possibility of gauging the claims and uses this view to argue that using violence to force all the people into one â€Å"true religion† will not lead to any constructive results (Ashcraft 27). Lastly, he clarifies that forcing people to relate to a particular religion is likely to lead to more commotion in the society instead of the anticipated order. The other two philoso phers predominantly use a single vantage point to present their concepts. They are therefore marginalized, myopic or even biased in the formulation of their concepts. Niccolo Machiavelli discusses religion as a mere tool of maintaining law and order. He presents it as an aspect that negatively subdues individuals and gives unscrupulous rulers the chance to misuse their authority. He does not consider the fact that there could be other more meaningful causes for the existence of religion. By concentrating his discussion solely on the political effect of religion, Machiavelli furnishes the reader with insufficient information about religion. Karl Marx also focuses only on the advantages of socialism that will be effective in replacing capitalism. He focuses all his attention to the positive effects of socialism in the society. These effects lack appropriate stratifications and equal distribution of resources in the society. These benefits of socialism may be true, but Marx should have gone ahead to identify the negative effects of socialism as well. These effects may have included a slowed economic growth, lack of savings and investments by the people. The exclusion of these negative effects creates a false impression that socialism is wholly perfect. Size Of The Population Involved Lastly, John Locke is the best of the three philosophers discussed in this text because his concepts always involve the majority of the population. He does not dwell on trivialities. Virtually, all his concepts are centered on either the whole society or the majority of the society.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is probably because he has the interests of the larger society at heart. An example of Locke’s concept which involves the whole society is the theory of value and price. This theory states that the number of sellers and buyers proportionately determines the price of a commodity. This concept involves everybody who is a buyer or a seller of any commodity in the market. This basically refers to almost all the populace. Another concept of John Locke which involves the majority of the population is the theory of value and property. In this theory, he states that property is derived from labor and it is therefore a natural light. Furthermore, he posits that labor is what gives value to the goods provided by nature. This concept involves everybody who is a worker or laborer. Therefore, it involves a lot of people. The other two philosophers’ concepts are majorly focused on the minority in the society. These minorities may be the rich, the rulers or the influential membe rs of the society. By focusing primarily on these minorities, the concepts have done little to help the other majority of the population. For example, in his book The Prince, Niccolo Machiavelli’s message is directed to princes and other heads of states only. All the concepts in this book are meant to guide the leaders in their administrative activities. Such a book is of no use to the rest of the majority population who are in need of other serious things. Karl Marx’s ideas are also predominantly focused on the minorities in the society. Marx spent a lot of his time writing about labor and its relation to the labor provider. He stated that if anyone is to give up on his or her labor, then that can be equated to a spiritual loss. He regarded labor as the capacity of an individual to change the world (Calhoun 97). Since most of the society at that time was not engaged in any form of labor, Marx’s concept was directed at the minorities who had the privilege of bei ng employed. The concept was irrelevant to the rest of the majority of the population. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be inferred from the above discussion that John Locke presents his concepts in a better manner compared to Niccolo Machiavelli and Karl Marx. This is because his concepts are focused on real life experiences, are free from ambiguity, are presented from diverse vantage points and they are focused on the majority of the population. Ashcraft, Richard. Revolutionary Politics Lockes Two Treatises of Government. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. Print. Calhoun, Craig. Classical Sociological Theory. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2002. Print.

The Magic Tree House Book Series by Mary Pope Osborne

The Magic Tree House Book Series by Mary Pope Osborne The Magic Tree House series by Mary Pope Osborne has been popular since the first MTH book for young independent readers, Dinosaurs Before Dark, was published in 1992. By August 2012, there were 48 books in the series for independent readers, 6 to 10 or 11 years old, as well as 26 companion research guides (Magic Tree House Fact Tracker nonfiction books) for some of the books in the series. The Adventures of Jack and Annie All of the books in the series center around the time travel adventures of brother and sister Jack and Annie, who live in Frog Creek, Pennsylvania. The two discover a magic tree house in the woods by their house. In books #1 to 28, Jack is 8 years old and Annie is a year younger. Thanks to the book-filled magic tree house whose books have magical properties and whose owner, magical librarian Morgan le Fay provides them with exciting missions, the two have many exciting adventures. Each book focuses on a subject and story designed to pique the interest of young independent readers. The subjects and time periods vary widely, which means that there will most likely be some, or many, of particular interest to your child. The Basics Magic Tree House books #1 to 28 are generally between 65 and 75 pages long and target children 6 to 9. The reading levels are mostly between 2.0 and 2.4. The books are divided into brief chapters, each of which has one or more intriguing illustrations by Sal Murdocca, the illustrator for all of the MTH books. Teachers and parents looking for specific information about a variety of reading level measures for the books, as well as curriculum connections and lessons plans, will find Mary Pope Osbornes Magic Tree House Classroom Adventures Program site a valuable resource. Your children will enjoy the games, activities and fun, all related to books in the series and the subjects they cover, at the Random House Magic Tree House site. While you may want to have your child start with the first book in the series, which introduces Jack and Annie and enables your child to experience time travel via the Magic Tree House for the first time right along with Jack and Annie, its not necessary to read the books in a particular order. A prologue at the beginning of each book provides the necessary background information. However, to provide incentive for kids to keep reading, there is an overarching mission for each four books, but it is still not necessary to read even each of those books in a particular order. To give you an idea of a mission, in books #9 to 12, Jack and Annie have to solve four ancient riddles, one in each of the books, but since each of the books can be read independently, it will be up to young readers (or their teachers) to decide whether or not to read the books in groups of four. The books are available in paperback, library binding, and as audiobooks and eBooks. A full set of books #1 to 28 in the Magic Tree series is also available in paperback. Individual books are also available, as are books in sets of four. Benefits of a Good Series for Young Independent Readers In order for children to learn to be fluent readers, with good comprehension skills, they need to read a lot. When children are relatively new readers, they need to concentrate on decoding each word and comprehending what they are reading without a lot of distractions. It helps if they can find a series they like at a reading level they can comfortably read. Why? Every time they start a new book in the series, they dont have to get used to new main characters, a new story format, a different style of writing or anything else that would distract them from just enjoying the story. Its this enjoyment that will bring them back for more and more stories, which will help them become fluent readers. It also helps a lot to talk about the books with your children. Ask them to tell you about Jack and Annies latest adventure, what it was all about, and what they learned. For kids who prefer nonfiction or who want to know more about the subject of the Magic Tree House book they just read, see if there is a Magic Tree House Fact Tracker nonfiction companion research guide. Book List of Books #1 to 28 in the Magic Tree House Series Note that a CNB (for companion nonfiction book) at the end of each book listing means that there is a Magic Tree House Fact Tracker for that book. Dinosaurs Before Dark, Magic Tree House, Book #1 - CNBThe Knight at Dawn, Magic Tree House, Book Book #2 - CNBMummies in the Morning, Magic Tree House, Book Book #3 - CNBPirates past Noon, Magic Tree House, Book Book #4 - CNBNight of the Ninjas, Magic Tree House, Book #5Afternoon on the Amazon, Magic Tree House, Book #6 - CNBSunset of the Sabertooth, Magic Tree House, Book #7 - CNBMidnight on the Moon, Magic Tree House, Book #8 - CNBDolphins at Daybreak, Magic Tree House, Book #9 - CNBGhost Town at Sundown, Magic Tree House, Book #10Lions at Lunchtime, Magic Tree House, Book #11Polar Bears Past Bedtime, Magic Tree House, Book #12 - CNBVacation Under The Volcano, Magic Tree House, Book #13 - CNBDay of the Dragon King, Magic Tree House, Book #14Viking Ships at Sunrise, Magic Tree House, Book #15Hour of the Olympics, Magic Tree House, Book #16 - CNBTonight on the Titanic, Magic Tree House, Book #17 - CNBBuffalo Before Breakfast, Magic Tree House, Book #18Tigers at Twilight, Magic Tree H ouse, Book #19 Dingoes at Dinnertime, Magic Tree House, Book #20Civil War on Sunday, Magic Tree House, Book #21Revolutionary War on Wednesday, Magic Tree House, Book #22 - CNBTwister on Tuesday, Magic Tree House, Book #23 - CNBEarthquake in the Early Morning, Magic Tree House, Book #24Stage Fright on a Summer Night, Magic Tree House, Book #25Good Morning, Gorillas, Magic Tree House, Book #26Thanksgiving on Thursday, Magic Tree House Book #27 - CNBHigh Tide in Hawaii, Magic Tree House, Book #28 - CNB

Total Quality Managment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Total Quality Managment - Research Paper Example The increased pace of technological development, complex customer demand as well as local and global market competition have turned out to be more sophisticated and intense, complicating the overall business activities. To counter the ever increasing contemporary business challenges, a good number of modern global organizations have embarked on utilizing TQM, which presents numerous opportunities. Using resources in the expansion and technologically oriented approaches in their daily business undertakings. This contributed to numerous quality management standards such as Total Quality Management. This paper explores issues regarding TQM and its benefits as a management approach for organizations. Total quality management has numerous advantages. TQM is an effectual and variable management system restrained not only in the quality assurance department, but also in the entire organization businesses. Therefore, Total Quality Management can be implicated to be an incredibly influential intervention mechanism that can last for an extended period of time if properly managed and modified to lime with emerging technology and demands (Evans, 2011). Total Quality Management is based on four major philosophical assumptions. For a starter, Total Quality Management is presumed to be cheap compared to the other conventional mechanism and it is incredibly decisive for long term development of an organization. Secondly, employees are always concerned about their responsibility in improving the quality of the product and service delivery. Therefore, employees only require to be provided with the necessary tools, skills, and maximum respect from the management to improve their performance. Thirdly, the entire organizational system is composed of highly independent sections. For this reason, the crisis in one section affects extensively

Human Resource Management Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resource Management Models - Essay Example The soft approach appears to be the better option considering the human ability to change and adapt, but as we will see, it cannot be used alone to manage human resources. We need to integrate approaches and find a multidisciplinary approach to dealing with people. How much of people management depends on theory and how much cannot be measured "In theory, practice and in the workplace experience, though people appear to be of central concern, the rich, warm, unpredictable face of humanity are all too clearly absent." Perhaps the most difficult question to answer is whether people are better lead or managed. Do people respond better when encouraged by a leader or when they are managed To begin with, it is necessary to understand what human resource management is and how it works. Every business runs on resources and the one resource that it cannot function without, is its staff. Human resource management is therefore about getting the most out of staff members (Human Resource Management Guide). Human resource management also, however, includes deciding which individuals are better suited to which position as well as conducting sufficient research to determine the best placement of individuals (McNamara 2008). We can now determine what has to be done with regards to human resource management, but there are two ways of going about this: we can either look at the humanistic approach or at the objective 'hard' approach. ... Two schools of thought were developed with hard and soft theories in mind: Harvard and Michigan. Harvard follows the soft model more closely while Michigan is based on the soft model. The normative model seeks to consolidate both the strategic management of the business as well as the interpretive model which is considered soft (Gill: 3). The problem here is that according to Gill (1999) "there are problems in the integration of HRM policy with business strategy and evidence indicates that HRM is more ad hoc than strategic."(Gill 1999: 3). In this case, one cannot assume that what is good for he business is necessarily good for the employee (Gill 1999: 3). The hard model would therefore focus on the employee as a resource, assuming that whatever causes the business to soar, will automatically uplift the employee (Gill 1999: 4). The intuitive problem is that humans are not controllable and they are not constant. Human's cannot be 'paid off' or compensated with more pay without regarding emotions or feelings even though this is a simple solution to a complex issue. In Gill and Meyer (2007) it was ascertained that outsourcing of certain business portions yielded dramatic results (Gill and Meyer 2007: 4). These results were not necessarily good ones, in the sense that businesses no longer had to employ people to do the jobs they could outsource, leading to job-losses and retrenchment. Despite this, there has to be an increase in individual 'soft' model relationships with employees if the employee numbers are smaller (Gill and Meyer 2007: 4-5). According to Gill and Meyer too, human resource management has to "manage the simultaneous pursu it of soft and

Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Julius Caesar Essay Each unlawful overthrow ends in disastrous consequences because no one knows whether the next leader will achieve greatness or insignificance. The country wouldn’t be prepared for such an event such as an assassination. It also causes chaos among the people because many individuals will be furious because they may have loved the original leader. There will be more riots and a less civilized society. Brutus and Cassius had a plan which they would assassinate Julius Caesar. They both agreed they wanted to, but for different reasons. Brutus says that it would ruin the republic because the people would want someone like Caesar as king. Cassius is irritated because he believes that Julius Caesar is just as normal as Brutus and himself. He thinks that Caesar is going to be treated as a god rather than a king and Caesar didn’t do anything to deserve to be king. Cassius brings in cases where Caesar is a mortal man such as Caesar not being able to swim and Caesar having a seizure in Spain. The consequence that â€Å"conspirators† were facing was that if they assassinated Caesar, they knew they were going to be killed. Mark Antony wanted revenge on the conspirators. He was the last one to speak at Caesars funeral which was very favorable to him because no one can oppose. Now, people will remember his speech the most out of anyone’s and more people will follow him. Antony also paused a lot in his speech so people had time to actually think about what he was saying. This led to a civil war where many of the conspirators were murdered. â€Å"Julius Caesar† is connected to â€Å"The Lord of the Flies† because in both books, a group of people wanted to overthrow their leader or just disagreed with their leader. Ralph and Piggy discover a conch and they used it to call over the other boys. When everyone was together, they elected Ralph as their leader. Ralph appoints Jack in charge of hunting for food for the entire group. Ralph sets up a system where the hunters set a fire so when someone passes by, they’ll see someone’s on the island. When someone passed by, the fire was out and Ralph and Piggy were furious. The conch symbolized order and normal civilization. When in a meeting, they would blow the conch to give people the right to speak. While searching for the monster, the kids see a silhouette of a parachute. Jack and Ralph hold a meeting telling the group of what they have just seen. During the meeting, Jack calls Ralph cowardly and proposes Ralph being removed from office. Jack walks away with the hunters. Meanwhile Ralph and the remaining children build a new fire. Before finishing the fire, most of the kids have moved to Jacks side. Jack declares himself the new leader. Life under Jacks dictatorship was quite violent. He organized a hunt with the new tribe members. During the hunt, they had a ritual where they slaughtered a sow to solemnize the event. After, the members cut off the sows head and they placed it on a sharpened stake. They put it in the jungle as an offering to the beast. When they were under Ralphs rule, they were never this uncivilized and unorganized. The Lord of the Flies is a voice that Simon keeps hearing. The Lord of the Flies tells Simon that Simon will never escape him. It says it exists within all men. It represents the madness that the children under Jack believe in. When Simon waked up, he goes to tell everyone that he saw a dead parachutist. The other see a shadowy figure from the jungle which they don’t know is Simon and they kill him. It just shows the chaos that’s happening on the island that they would kill their own friend. The final struggle of Mark Antony was what he should do regarding the conspirators. The conspirators had just killed King Julius Caesar. Once Mark Antony took over, he had to make a decision whether to he should or shouldn’t take revenge on the assassinators. The final struggle between Jack and Ralph was if Jack should call truce with Ralph or not. The children needed to find a plan to get off the island and Jacks clan chasing Ralph to kill him wasn’t the solution. A comparison with â€Å"Julius Caesar† and â€Å"Lord of the Flies† is that a normal person tries to corrupt the leader in one way or another. The difference is that in â€Å"Julius Caesar†, Brutus and Cassius try to assassinate Caesar, but they don’t necessarily want to take over. They just truly believe that Caesar does not deserve to be king because they think he’s a normal person. In â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, Jack tries to overtake Ralph, but not assassinate like Brutus and Cassius. The similarity is that they both succeed in what they want to accomplish. Brutus and Cassius kill Caesar and Jack overtakes Ralph as leader. The Tusnian Revolution was a revolt against President Zine El Abidine Ben Alio who was president from 1987 to 2011. They revolted because there was a high unemployment rate, food inflation, and corruption. Also, the living conditions were very poor and there was barely any freedom of speech. President Ben Alio resigned in January 2011. You can learn from â€Å"Julius Caesar† and â€Å"Lord of the Flies† that one shouldn’t think that you’re above all and on a higher power than everyone else.

Jack Nicklaus Essay -- essays research papers fc

Jack Nicklaus For the past 30 years, Jack Nicklaus has been considered by many to be the greatest golfer of all time(1). His stamina has matched that of Arnold Palmer, and only the likes of Ben Hogan, Byron Nelson, Bobby Jones, and Tiger Woods are to be considered players in Nicklaus' league. In numbers of major tournaments won, Nicklaus stands alone with 18 victories(1), a number that does not include major titles won on the Champions Tour. He has won 73 times on the PGA Tour and has 58 second-place and 36 third-place finishes, as well as a total of 113 victories worldwide.(1) Nicklaus has finished top PGA Tour money winner 8 times and has also held the tour's low-scoring average eight times.(1) He was named the PGA's Player of the Year in 1967, 1972, 1973, 1975, and 1976, and Golf magazine in 1988 named him the "Player of the Century."(1) In his career on the PGA Tour, Jack Nicklaus has proven to be one of the best golfers in the history of the game, and has shown a true love for the s port since childhood on until his old age. Nicklaus began playing golf at the age of 10 in his hometown of Columbus, Ohio(7). He shot a 51 on the first nine holes he ever played.(2) At the age of 13, he broke 70 and held a three handicap.(2) Tutored by club pro Jack Grout, Nicklaus showed real Page 1 potential early on for tournament play and he dominated local and national junior golf events as well as going on to capture two U.S. Amateur Championships in 1959 and 1961.(1) By the time he turned pro in November, 1961, he had established himself as the country's greatest amateur golfer while at the same time giving the professionals a scare. He finished runner-up to Arnold Palmer by only two strokes in the 1960 U.S. Open, and was a fourth-place finisher in the 1961 U.S. Open(1). In 1962, at the Oakmont Country Club outside of Pittsburgh, Nicklaus beat Arnold Palmer in a playoff to win the U.S. Open(1). Palmer's millions of diehard fans and the huge crowd of gallery members, called Arnie's Army(9), that followed their hero from tee to green, were crushed by their hero's loss. The Nicklaus victory went down as one of the most unpopular the world of golf had ever known(9). Nicklaus's mind, even more than his great natural talent and long-ball swing, was the key to his success. He rarely made a poor decision in a tournament and never second-guessed himself. One of t... ...Woods, who claims Jack is his Page 4 â€Å"idol†.(4) Jack Nicklaus doesn’t play the kind of golf he was once able to, but he still never fails to disappoint his fans, such as when he recorded a hole-in-one in 2003 at the Senior British Open. (1) The mark he has left on the game of golf is undeniable and indisputable, and he will certainly be remembered as one of the greatest to ever play the game for generations to come. Page 5 Works Cited 1. www.pgatour.com 2. www.nicklaus.com/nicklausfacts/ 3. The Volume Library, Book II. Copyright 1999, Southwestern Company, Nashville, TN 4. Woods, Tiger. Tiger Woods: How I Play Golf Time Warner Publishing, 2001 5. www.encarta.com 6. www.nicklausmuseum.org 7. www.golfeurope.com 8. www.golf.about.com 9. Sportscentury: Jack Nicklaus; ESPN documentary Page 6

Management Challenges and Concerns Report Essay

Human resources planning is the systematical process of forecasting both the future demand for and supply of employees and defining the required knowledge and abilities needed in the field. At times even with the most accurate information, managing our human capital and protecting out talent has become a challenge. Dramatic shifts in the composition of the labor force require that managers become more involved in planning, since such changes affect the full range of HR practices (such as employee recruitment, selection, training, compensation, and motivation) (Bohlander & Snell, 2007). Not only has managing the talent been a significant challenge so has following all legal compliance. Rules and regulations have to follow to avoid losing employees. Human Capital/Talent Management Managing talent is the most important HR challenge facing organizations across the world today. As an organization addressing the talent management/human capital is important in all the regains of the industry (Eyre, 2008). The shifts in the world economy are playing a role in workforce trend, making it difficult to retain all human capital. To ensure growth potential during a bad economy the organization needs to focus on strengthening key relationships, capitalizing on underutilized staff, clarifying strategic roles and forging stronger links between compensation and results (Mello, 2005). Strengthening the employer-employee relationship is an important goal for human resources departments in any organization. Compliance and regulation The human resources issues are very complex when it has to do with a complex work industry. Compliance with regulations is one the biggest problems occurring in workplaces. This happens more often in small companies than larger because of the turnover in employees in smaller companies. It is a  bigger problem with a newly formed enterprise or company due to the lack of experience. This may be caused by the lack of training the employees receive during the entering of the position. Potential implications as lawsuits, fines from state or federal court can lead to a financial burden to the company. A way to minimize the risk is by keeping up with all state and federal laws that might affect the industry. Better training to all new and current employees in safe and procedures (Mello, 2005). The expertise of the human resources staff is one that is a company’s most valuable resources, and thus, the executive leadership team is better prepared to handle company-wide challenges knowing that a competent human resources leader. A successful organization needs to become adaptable are to be able to change direction. References Bohlander, G., & Snell, S. (2007). Managing Human Resource, Fourteenth Edition. Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western. Eyre, E. (2008). Managing Talent is top global HRM challenge. Training Journal, 10. Mello, J. A. (2005). Strategic Human resource Management 2nd Edition. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning.

Economical and Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis on Hybrid Cars Essay

A hybrid car is a car propelled by the application of two or more power sources. First attempts to introduce hybrid cars goes back to mid 1660, way before the discovery and introduction of the fuel powered conventional cars but were never commercially manufactured until 21st century when Japanese car manufacturer, Toyota produced the Toyota prius exclusively for its domestic market. In fact, it is estimated that the first attempt to produce a hybrid car was in 1665. The delay in the production of this class of vehicles was because of two main reasons; first, the limited range in the distance the vehicles could cover and secondly the difficulty and costly process of recharging their batteries. Furthermore, it is a basic science concept that the more complex a machine is the more it is prone to failure and thus the idea of commercial production of hybrid vehicles has been a slow process over the centuries. World’s population explosion, demand for fresh air and green cities, dwindling petroleum deposits, over dependency in overseas oil, economic recession and global warming are just some of the environmental and economic factors that have forced world’s leading car manufacturers to provide to the market car models that are not only environmentally friendly but also cost effective. A cost-benefit analysis on this topic will attempt to bring out the cost of getting a hybrid car into the road in comparison to the benefits that the world stands to reap as a result of this venture. This research seeks to bring to the surface three major aspects that are associated with the introduction of hybrid cars into the transportation world. These three issues are: (i) The cost of producing a hybrid car: The successful landing of a hybrid car is in focus under this area. It is not easy to get into the road a car that makes use of a combination of two or more sources of energy. The research involved is estimated to run to millions of dollars thus sky-rocketing the price of a hybrid car. (ii) Environmental factors: Environmental factors simply refer to the concerns that a particular type of car produces substances that injure our surroundings thus making life on earth more dangerous and therefore more complex. These substances include green house gases as well as toxic metal compounds such as the ones that contain lead in their structure. (iii) Economic cost benefit factors: Economic factors have much to do with the living standards of people as far as the generation and investment of money is concerned. The economic make up of the world has gotten pegged heavily on oil and there are concerns from every right thinking citizen of the world that this is a self consuming trend that is likely to create serious economic problems if the oil industry hits a serious problem. This has already been witnessed before whereby a slight rise in oil prices has sent shockwaves in economies in both the developed and the developing world. Literature Review The former Vice President of the United States who later won the Democratic Party nomination and lost the presidency in a controversial manner to George W Bush, Mr. Al Gore, has had the world rethinking its actions as far as the degeneration of the environment is concerned. An inconvenient Truth, a film he worked on captures the problems that are already being experienced in various parts of the world as a result of global warming. This, he says is being fuelled by the use of environmentally unfriendly cars that use oil or gasoline (Gore, 2006, para1-3). It is not surprising that he went a head to win a Nobel Prize for this peace of work. Electric and hybrid cars have always received much appreciation due to the perceived ability to tackle this burning issue of climate change. Their ability to cut the emission of these toxic substances into the atmosphere that lead to negative climatic shift is the major reason for this (Anderson and Anderson, 2004, pp 6-10). In recognition of this serious problem, vital steps have been made in the research that is involved in the development and production of cars that make use of a combination of two or three sources of locomotive energy. Chief among these is the research into electric cars that promise to reduce the overreliance on oil (Westbrook, 2001, pp 34-39). The pioneer nation in the world in the research and possible mass production of hybrid cars is Japan. But the appetite with which the United States of America has picked up the issue points to the significance of this type of car. The driving force is the reduction in pollution, the saving that comes in terms of finances and most importantly national security that is put at risk with too much dependency on foreign oil. The argument is often projected in terms of supplying their dollars to nations that fund terror groups such as al Qaeda (Boschert, 2006 pp 2-7). It is common knowledge that mass production of hybrid cars will not only provide a partial solution to world environmental problems but also be a practical measure to save countries from losses running to millions of dollars due to escalating prices of world crude oil. The cost of producing a hybrid car The production of hybrid cars is not a cheap or a simple venture. Confessions by companies that have dipped their fingers into this hot pot have clearly shown that more than just simple technology is in play in the production of this type of cars. Research that has been on-going for a long time now is very complicated and has consumed millions of dollars. At the end of the day, despite the hyped advantages of shifting from purely oil consuming cars to hybrid cars, the cost that must be borne has to be high (Westbrook,2001,pp 56-61). It is the overall ability of the hybrid car to assist man in solving most of his economic and environmental problems that make the whole exercise worthwhile. Environmental factors While scientists agree that there can never be perfect environmentally friendly hybrid cars and that this depends solely on the design and model of hybrid power system. It is worthy appreciating that the use of this class of vehicles will automatically lead to the reduction of global warming by approximately 0. 3 to 0. 5 percent and that more advanced models and designs in the coming years due to technological advances would reduce this figure even further. The problems of the quality of urban air, reduction of noise due to application of electric motor in fuel power conventional cars, and elimination of smog forming pollutants could be solved in a century if research on mass production of hybrid cars is given a priority. The main source of air pollutants in cities and major towns is transportation. Fuel powered conventional motor vehicles produce much higher levels of carbon dioxide (Co2) carbon monoxide (Co), nitrogen oxides (Nox) and hydrocarbons (Hc) and this from the primary source of these dangerous pollutants. This is mainly because fuel powered conventional cars (FPCC) make short trips that do not give time for electric motor warm ups and cold starts. It is noted that hybrid cars reduced the levels of the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide by 97% in comparison to other sources of these pollutants. Carbon monoxide (C0), when inhaled for long periods interferes with the proper functioning of the brain in that it impairs the flow of oxygen (O2) into the brain. Once the brain stops working in the expected way, the person involved turns into a vegetable. Carbon dioxide and water vapor form the principal components of green house gases that bring about the green house effect. Green house effect is a scenario in which too much heat is trapped within the atmosphere due to the presence of such toxic gases as carbon monoxide and this resultant effect is a highly raised earth temperature. Infact carbon dioxide (C02) is considered one of the major atmospheric pollutants, and is solely responsible for approximately 57% global warming. Negative effects of global warming include the rapidly declining numbers of polar bears and melting of ice in the tropics. It is therefore an open knowledge that releasing carbon dioxide (C02) into the atmosphere is detrimental to the lives of living organisms and the equilibrium of the ecosystem. Sulphur and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are very dangerous air pollutants produced by combustion of sulphur containing fuels. Over the years, scientists have devised means of producing sulphur and lead free fuels but achieving an excellent degree is still a distant mirage. Deposition of these compounds in the air is harmful to plants, man and infrastructure. Exposure to high concentration of sulphur dioxide irritates respiratory tracts making breathing difficult and can easily cause lung problems. Sulfur Oxide contributes to respiratory illness. Patients suffering from heart diseases risk aggravating their conditions if exposed to even mild concentration of sulfur oxides. These components also form secondary pollutants when transported and combined with other elements forming sulphates, nitrate salts, nitrogen dioxides and even nitric acid vapor. This is what is commonly known as acid rain that corrodes buildings, burns vegetations, burns the human skin and destroys infrastructure. Chlorofluorocarbons also form component of green house gases that bring about the effect of global warming. When exposed to gamma rays, these compounds break down to release chlorine atoms. The presence of chlorine atoms in the atmosphere catalyses splitting of Ozone (O3) into oxygen gas (O2), however the negative effects of their presence overweigh their importance. Photochemical air pollution, usually known as smog and is commonly sported in the tropics and subtropics is also caused by incomplete combustion of gasoline emitted by fuel powered conventional vehicles. This process leads to the production of Ozone gas that is responsible for irritation in the eyes, extensive damage to plants and crops and lung complications. The release of carbon dioxide (C02), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides (N0x) and other pollutants into the atmosphere contributes to the destruction of plants on the earth’s surface. Photosynthesis, the process through which trees produce oxygen from carbon dioxide is so vital to human life in fact it is said that life cannot exist without trees. Destruction of trees by releasing these pollutants into the air is equal to destruction of both human life and plant life. While particulate matters are the main contributors to lung problems and most cancer cases, hydrocarbons are also a cause of lung problems and other tissue problems. Long exposure to high concentrations of hydrocarbons eventually leads to total organ failures. Furthermore it is a major contributor to birth defects and other complicated illnesses like cancer. With the commercial manufacture and introduction of hybrid cars, extensive damage to the environment is definitely reduced, quality of life enhanced and urban areas become clean to inhabit, the dream of world environmental rights groups. Economic factors Crude oil is the raw material that propels almost all components of world’s economy in many ways. In fact the world is so dependent on crude oil that if its supply would be cut abruptly, major world economies like United States of America, Russia and China would immediately come to a standstill. United States depends on crude oil alone for 40% of its energy supply, triple than other sources. Overdependence on crude oil is not sound enough. First, crude oil is a non-renewable source of energy and analysts predict it will be largely exhausted within half a century. This rings an alarm bell that if measures are not put in place and countries go green by using hybrid cars, then the future is bleak and the word is in danger. Transportation sector depends entirely on oil for energy supply. Trucks, planes, ships cars and buses are propelled by motor engines that use oil. Introducing hybrid cars would reverse this trend, make the world safer from fluctuating oil prices and reduce dependence on this energy source (Paterson, 2007 para. 3-5). Reliance on crude oil for fuel supply is a major contributor to ethnic and tribal wars in Africa. This demonstrates the levels at which scramble for this commodity has reached. In fact notably China is so hungry for crude oil that it is ready to ignore the sufferings of millions of peoples around the world and specifically Sudan, so as to get its industry moving. It therefore points to the fact that lasting peace and safety will be found and armed conflicts reduced drastically when less fuel consuming cars are produced and thirst for oil curtailed. Hybrid cars are pocket friendly as they consume less gasoline in comparison to fuel powered conventional cars. Even though they are slightly expensive to purchase, the reward is achieved in long term due to lower fuel consumption. Further, governments and notably the United States of America give tax incentives to buyers of hybrid cars in to a move aimed at reducing the average prices of these vehicles and thus encouraging more people to purchase them. Dwindling petroleum deposits in a major concern to the world. It is widely acknowledged that only a total of one trillion barrels of recoverable crude oil reserves is available for exploration worldwide with only two percent (2%) of this value in the United States of America. Most of these oil deposits are found in the eastern hemisphere that is made up of countries that are well known for political instability. It is therefore very wise for countries that fall in the Western hemisphere and more so, the United States to adapt the mass production and commercial use of hybrid vehicles. This will not only cushion them from ever fluctuating oil prices but will also prevent the imminent collapse of most sectors of the economies of these countries. Conclusion From the foregoing, it is evident that the world stands to gain immensely from the introduction into the world of transportation hybrid cars. It is true that the cost of producing a hybrid car is not one that sends one smiling all the way to the bank. In fact it is prohibitively high and the faint hearted who will not pay attention to the long term benefits of this hybrid car model will not dare. But the benefits or gains both in terms of saving a planet in peril and a global economy in a shambles are so enticing and crucial that it is actually the way to go. The environmental problems that come as a result of oil utilization in transport and other areas of life will be dealt with once and for all. For instance, the release of dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere that is responsible for global warming and numerous respiratory problems as well as problems in farming thorough such phenomena as acid rain will be solved. The economic woes that emanate from over dependence on oil will also be contained. The availing of financial resources to rogue nations such as Iran that fund terrorist groups, the shaking of the global economy due to shifts in oil prices as well as the escalation of conflicts in most third world countries in the east and Africa as a result of scrambling over oil resources will be eliminated. References: Anderson C. D & Anderson J (2004); Electric and Hybrid Cars: A History. ISBN-10: 0786418729, ISBN -13: 978-0786418725, McFarland & Company. pp 6-10 Boschert, S. , (2006); Plug-Ins: The cars that will recharge America. pp 2-7 ISBN-10: 0865715718, ISBN-13: 978-0865715714, New Society Publishers. Gore, A. (2006): An Inconvenient Truth. Retrieved on 24th March 2009 from: http://www. climatecrisis. net/aboutthefilm/. Para 1-3. Paterson, B. N. , (2007). Economic benefits of hybrid cars. Retrieved on 23rd March 2009 from: http://www. helium. com/items/1026111-economic-benefits-of-hybrid-cars, para 3-5. Westbrook M. H, (2001): The Electric Car: Development and Future of Battery, Hybrid and Fuel-Cell Cars. ISBN-10: 0852960131, ISBN-13: 978-0852960134. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. pp 56-61.